Modern fireplace construction usually falls into one of two categories, masonry or factory-built.

Masonry fireplace construction consists of hand laid brick or stone built on-site. Masonry has been the standard for fireplace construction for hundreds of years, and it lends a sense of quality and permanence to the structure. Many homeowners feel that masonry chimneys are indestructible, but, in fact, they are not. Masonry chimneys are frequently damaged by chimney fires, lightning strikes, or settling of the foundation. Masonry chimneys can also be damaged by a natural aging process causing deterioration of bricks and mortar, waterabsorption and deposits of acids found in the combustion by-products of some fuels.

Factory-built fireplaces and chimneys are gaining popularity in newer homes because both the material and installation costs are generally lower than for masonry fireplaces. Factory-built units are often referred to as "zero-clearance" or "prefab" units. When properly installed, these units are safe and some models are very efficient.

Whether your fireplace and chimney is masonry or factory-built has little to do with the countless hours of enjoyment you can gain from using it. The keys to safe and enjoyable fireplace use are proper construction followed by appropriate maintenance and operation.

Many variations of fireplace design are available and your choice may be influenced by local or regional emission requirements. Many areas of the country require low emission certification for fireplaces and woodstoves. Rumford style fireplaces and masonry heaters are two types being used because of their ability to reduce emissions and provide increased efficiency in heating. Additionally, local building code requirements may effect the design of your fireplace, such as requiring an outside air source for your fireplace or additional reinforcement in earthquake prone areas.